Which acute signs may indicate a site infection?

Warmth and tenderness at the site of an intravenous (IV) insertion are classic acute signs indicating a potential site infection. When an infection occurs, the body responds with inflammation, which can manifest as localized warmth due to increased blood flow to the area. Tenderness is another symptom indicating that the tissues are reacting to an infectious process, often accompanied by other signs such as redness and swelling.

In contrast, increased urine output is generally not associated with local IV site infections, but rather can suggest effective hydration or a diuretic effect. Cold skin around the area is more indicative of inadequate circulation or vasoconstriction rather than infection. A persistent dry cough, while a concern in other contexts, does not relate directly to an IV site infection and may indicate respiratory issues instead. Thus, the presence of warmth and tenderness is the most relevant indicator of a potential site infection.