What is infiltration in IV therapy?

Infiltration in IV therapy refers to the process where IV fluid, intended to be delivered into the bloodstream, instead leaks into the surrounding tissue. This typically occurs when the IV catheter becomes dislodged from the vein or when the vein is damaged, allowing the fluid to escape into the interstitial spaces rather than flowing through the intended venous pathway.

Infiltration is a common complication of IV therapy and can lead to swelling, discomfort, and may potentially require that the IV site be changed to prevent further complications. Recognizing the signs of infiltration early, such as swelling or coolness around the site, is crucial for healthcare providers to manage the patient's care effectively.

The other choices relate to different complications associated with IV therapy: the formation of a blood clot is known as thrombosis, the introduction of air into the IV line is termed air embolism, and a blockage of the IV catheter refers to occlusion. Each of these conditions has distinct causes and implications but does not specifically describe infiltration. Understanding these differences is essential for effective practice in IV therapy.