What is a common example of a hypertonic solution?

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cells, which leads to a movement of water out of the cells and into the surrounding solution. This causes cells to shrink, a process known as crenation.

5% dextrose in normal saline is a hypertonic solution because it combines dextrose with normal saline (0.9% NaCl), which increases its osmolarity. As a result, this solution can be used to provide not only hydration and electrolytes but also calories from the dextrose. It is commonly used in clinical settings when patients require fluids that can help maintain fluid balance while also providing essential nutrients.

In contrast, normal saline, 0.9% NaCl, is isotonic, meaning it has the same osmolarity as blood and does not cause a net movement of water into or out of cells. The other options, such as 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose in water, do not exhibit hypertonic properties.