What defines a hypertonic solution?

A hypertonic solution is characterized by having a greater concentration of solutes compared to another solution, typically plasma in the context of intravenous therapy. When a hypertonic solution is introduced to the bloodstream, it draws water out of the cells into the surrounding fluid due to osmotic pressure differences. This can lead to cellular shrinkage or dehydration, as the water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher solute concentration (the hypertonic solution).

Understanding the properties of hypertonic solutions is crucial in clinical settings. For instance, hypertonic solutions can be used to treat conditions like hyponatremia, where the sodium concentration in the blood is abnormally low. In such cases, administering a hypertonic solution helps restore electrolyte balance.

In contrast, options that describe a hypotonic solution involve lower solute concentrations that can cause cells to swell, and isotonic solutions maintain equal solute concentrations which do not lead to net movement of water into or out of the cells. It is essential to accurately distinguish between these different types of solutions to ensure proper IV therapy management and patient safety.