What is the first step to take if the IV site shows signs of infiltration?

Discontinuing the IV and assessing the area is the appropriate first step in response to signs of infiltration. When infiltration occurs, it indicates that the IV fluid is entering the surrounding tissue instead of the bloodstream, which can lead to complications such as swelling, discomfort, and potential tissue damage. By discontinuing the IV, the practitioner prevents further fluid from leaking into the extravasation area, thereby minimizing additional damage and allowing for proper evaluation of the site.

Assessing the area after discontinuing the IV is crucial, as it enables the healthcare provider to evaluate the extent of infiltration, check for any signs of complications such as phlebitis or infection, and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition. This assessment informs subsequent steps, such as applying appropriate interventions or selecting a new IV site.

Other options, like administering medication to decrease swelling or applying a cold compress, may be considered later based on the assessment of the area or under specific circumstances, but they do not address the immediate safety concern of continuing the IV infusion in the presence of infiltration. Increasing the flow rate is counterproductive in this situation, as it would exacerbate the infiltration rather than resolve the issue.